Thursday, March 17, 2011
EKG Lab
In the class, we did a lab to look at the different waves in our heart beats, including the P, Q, R, and S waves. By doing this we used an EKG sensor. First, we put a positive EKG sensor on our left forearm. Then, a negative on the right forearm. We also put a ground clip to the right wrist. After we were all hooked up the computer showed us our waves. It was cool to see mine compared to others in the classroom because all of ours were different. My group also noticed that boys had higher waves then girls. It was really neat to see!
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
Heart Dissection
Pig Heart: The size of the heart wasn't very big in size. It was about the size of two fists together. First, we cut it apart down the middle and then examined the inside. Since it wasn't all that small we were able to view all of the parts clearly. All of the measurements that we took on this dissection were smaller then 10 cm.
Sheep Heart
The sheep heart was a little bit smaller than the pig, but not by much. They were both pretty similiar to each other. The colors were also a bit different. The sheep heart was dissected the same way the pig was. Cut right down the middle then split apart.
The cow heart was the one with the most differences. The size was much larger and the color was even the most different. The cow heart was a few centimeter differences on each part of it. The part that had the most different size was the ventricles. With the two other parts the ventricles were about 3 cm on average. While the cow heart was 12 cm and the right ventricle was 13 cm.
After viewing all of the hearts, there were three major differences. Those were size, shape, and color. A reason they might all be different is because the animals themselves are all different in sizes so that could be a big factor to what size the heart is.
Sheep Heart
The sheep heart was a little bit smaller than the pig, but not by much. They were both pretty similiar to each other. The colors were also a bit different. The sheep heart was dissected the same way the pig was. Cut right down the middle then split apart.
The cow heart was the one with the most differences. The size was much larger and the color was even the most different. The cow heart was a few centimeter differences on each part of it. The part that had the most different size was the ventricles. With the two other parts the ventricles were about 3 cm on average. While the cow heart was 12 cm and the right ventricle was 13 cm.
After viewing all of the hearts, there were three major differences. Those were size, shape, and color. A reason they might all be different is because the animals themselves are all different in sizes so that could be a big factor to what size the heart is.
Monday, January 31, 2011
Thursday, January 27, 2011
Leech Neurophysiology Lab
Purpose: To record the electrical activity in the neurons.
Hypothesis: It will be easy to identify the electrical activity of the leech because the ganglia is large and they will all respond the same.
Materials: feather, probe, forceps, scissors, pins, scalpel, dissection tray, leech tank, 20% ethanol, leech tongs, dissection microscope, micromanipulator, oscilloscope, leech
Procedure: Anesthetize the leach, after stretching the leech, pin the leech on its head and tail, dorsal side up. Remove the insides and remove the ganglion. Cut out the ganglion window and set it aside from the others, then cut the sinus. Probe and identify the ganglion sensory cells using different stimuli.
Result/Conclusions: One ganglion consists of many cells that are stimulated by different or similar stimuli. Since the leech has a small system there are five cell types that can be found. (Cell Types N, T, P, R, and X) Each cell or neuron was found by responding to the feather (weak probing), probe (medium probing), and forceps (strong probing). Some of the cell types responded to all three of the stimuli, but some only responded to a couple stimuli and remained unresponsive. The many responses to a single ganglia portrays the immense amount of stimulation that the entire nervous system of the leech undergoes. Although it is a simple nervous system to work with, it is very complex
Hypothesis: It will be easy to identify the electrical activity of the leech because the ganglia is large and they will all respond the same.
Materials: feather, probe, forceps, scissors, pins, scalpel, dissection tray, leech tank, 20% ethanol, leech tongs, dissection microscope, micromanipulator, oscilloscope, leech
Procedure: Anesthetize the leach, after stretching the leech, pin the leech on its head and tail, dorsal side up. Remove the insides and remove the ganglion. Cut out the ganglion window and set it aside from the others, then cut the sinus. Probe and identify the ganglion sensory cells using different stimuli.
Result/Conclusions: One ganglion consists of many cells that are stimulated by different or similar stimuli. Since the leech has a small system there are five cell types that can be found. (Cell Types N, T, P, R, and X) Each cell or neuron was found by responding to the feather (weak probing), probe (medium probing), and forceps (strong probing). Some of the cell types responded to all three of the stimuli, but some only responded to a couple stimuli and remained unresponsive. The many responses to a single ganglia portrays the immense amount of stimulation that the entire nervous system of the leech undergoes. Although it is a simple nervous system to work with, it is very complex
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